New Insight of Oncology: Cancer Concept without Tumor

• Sh.R. Kzyrgalin

  Department of Oncology and Clinical Morphology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation

• K.Sh. Gantsev

  Department of Oncology and Clinical Morphology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation

• A.A. Rizvanov

  Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation and Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation

• Sh.Kh. Gantsev

  Department of Oncology and Clinical Morphology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation and Division of Medical Sciences and Healthcare, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russian Federation

This article presents an analysis of current trends in the field of oncology, as an industry that was influenced by both scientific discoveries and the very order of civilization development as a whole. The key technological breakthroughs that have had an impact on oncology in the medium and long term perspective, as well as changes in the structure and approaches to the treatment of oncological diseases, which, in their turn, can determine the foresight of oncology development for the coming decades, are outlined. The TNM (tumor, lymph node, and metastasis) Classification of Malignant Tumors has been critically reassessed through the prism of the achievements in modern molecular biology. In this context, we are inevitably moving towards a new paradigm of oncological science "cancer without a tumor", where the tumor itself becomes a symptom of a systemic "oncological disease". The concept of "cancer without a tumor" has been proposed for the first time. This article is intended to engage professional communities in the oncology field in a discussion of understanding the transformation of the modern concept of oncological diseases.

Lipsick J. A history of cancer research: Carcinogens and mutagens. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a035857

Fisher B. Biological research in the evolution of cancer surgery: a personal perspective. Cancer Res 2008; 68(24): 10007-10020. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0186

Gantsev SK, et al. Oncology: Textbook for medical students. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media 2022; pp. 19-40.

Nagai H, Kim YH. Cancer prevention from the perspective of global cancer burden patterns. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9(3): 448-451.

https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2017.02.75

GBD 2021 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024; 403(10440): 2100-2132. Erratum in: Lancet 2024; 403(10440): 1988.

Karamanou M, Diamantis A, Androutsos G. Oncologic conceptions of Ambroise Paré (1509-1590), father of surgery. J BUON 2009; 14(2): 149-155.

Wagener DJTh. The History of Oncology. 1st ed. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum 2009; ISBN: 978-90-313-6143-4.

DeVita VT Jr, Chu E. A history of cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643-8653. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6611

Lipsick J. A History of Cancer Research: Tumor Suppressor Genes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a035907

McAleer S. A history of cancer and its treatment: Presidential Address to the Ulster Medical Society. Ulster Med J 2022; 91(3): 124-129.

Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C, editors. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. 8th ed. Wiley-Blackwell 2016.

Shams M, Abdallah S, Alsadoun L, Hamid YH, Gasim R, Hassan A. Oncological Horizons: The Synergy of Medical and Surgical Innovations in Cancer Treatment. Cureus 2023; 15(11). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49249

Gantsev SK, Gantsev KS, Kzyrgalin SR. Atlas of lymphatic system in cancer: Sentinel lymph node, Lymphangiogenesis and Neolymphogenesis. Switzerland: Springer Nature 2020; pp. 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40967-8_4

Gantsev SK, Ishmuratova RS, Frolova VY, Kzyrgalin SR, Umezawa K, Islamgulov DV, Khusnutdinova EK. The role of inflammatory chemokines in lymphoid neoorganogenesis in breast cancer. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2013; 67(5): 363-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2013.03.017

Gantsev SK, Kzyrgalin SR. Postnatal induced neolymphangiogenesis in malignant neoplasms. Herzen Journal 2017; 6(4): 66-71. https://doi.org/10.17116/onkolog20176466-71

Haltaufderheide J, Wäscher S, Bertlich B, Vollmann J, Reinacher-Schick A, Schildmann J. "I need to know what makes somebody tick …": Challenges and Strategies of Implementing Shared Decision-Making in Individualized Oncology. Oncologist 2019; 24(4): 555-562. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0615

González-Montero J, Valenzuela G, Ahumada M, Barajas O, Villanueva L. Management of cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic at developing countries. World J Clin Cases. 2020; 8(16): 3390-3404. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v8.i16.3390

Imran A, Qamar HY, Ali Q, Naeem H, Riaz M, Amin S, Kanwal N, Ali F, Sabar MF, Nasir IA. Role of Molecular Biology in Cancer Treatment: A Review Article. Iran J Public Health 2017; 46(11): 1475-1485.

O'Sullivan B, Brierley J, Byrd D, Bosman F, Kehoe S, Kossary C, Piñeros M, Van Eycken E, Weir HK, Gospodarowicz M. The TNM classification of malignant tumours-towards common understanding and reasonable expectations. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18(7): 849-851. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30438-2

• PDF

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.