Exercise: Preventive and Therapeutic Benefits in Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2021.10.02Keywords:
Cancer, exercise, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, breast cancer, lung cancer. colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, metastasis.Abstract
Cancer is soon expected to overtake cardiovascular diseases as the leading cause of death in the world. As newer and often more expensive cancer treatments become available, several complementary modalities are gaining clinical importance. Exercise is one such modality. Increasing scientific data suggests that exercise, besides helping prevent several cancers, can also help improve outcomes across a range of cancer diagnoses. The mechanisms behind this protection and therapeutic effects are numerous and include changes in body composition, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, sex hormone levels, systemic inflammation, immune cell function, and DNA integrity. Exercise is easy to do, is inexpensive, and can be modified to the condition of the patient. This review summarizes the various benefits of structured activity in most major cancers affecting humans.
References
Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, et al. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2020. https://gco.iarc.fr/today -accessed February 2021.
Dagenais GR, Leong DP, Rangarajan S, et al. Variations in common diseases, hospital admissions, and deaths in middle-aged adults in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395(10226): 785-794. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32007-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32007-0
Feng RM, Zong YN, Cao SM, et al. Current cancer situation in China: good or bad news from the 2018 Global Cancer Statistics? Cancer Commun 2019; 39: 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40880-019-0368-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40880-019-0368-6
https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/populations/935-asia-fact-sheets.pdf - accessed May 30, 2021.
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases/cancer/data-and-statistics - accessed December 23, 2020.
Noone AM, Howlader N, Krapacho M, et al. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2015 Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute 2018.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer -accessed June 1, 2021.
Cogliano VJ, Baan R, Straif K, Grosse Y, Lauby-Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, et al. Preventable exposures associated with human cancers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2011; 103(24): 1827-39. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djr483 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djr483
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-in-children/risk-factors-and-causes.html - accessed June 10, 2021.
Anand P, Kunnumakkara AB, Sundaram C, Harikumar KB, Tharakan ST, Lai OS, et al. Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes. Pharm Res 2008; (9): 2097-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-008-9661-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-008-9661-9
Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, Nieman DC, Swain DP; American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43(7): 1334-59. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb
Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep 1985; 100: 126.13.
https://healthyliving.azcentral.com/acsm-definition-cardiovascular-exercise-18723.html - accessed November 18, 2020.
Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Riddell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, Horton ES, Castorino K, Tate DF. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2016; 39(11): 2065-2079. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728
Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, et al. American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43: 1334-1359.https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb
Mikkelsen K, Stojanovska L, Polenakovic M, Bosevski M, Apostolopoulos V. Exercise and mental health. Maturitas 2017; 106: 48-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003
Moore SC, Lee IM, Weiderpass E, et al. Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Risk of 26 Types of Cancer in 1.44 Million Adults. JAMA Intern Med 2016; 176(6): 816-25. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1548 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1548
Chen HHW, Kuo MT. Improving radiotherapy in cancer treatment: Promises and challenges. Oncotarget 2017; 8(37): 62742-62758. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.18409 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.18409
Mustian KM, Griggs JJ, Morrow GR, et al. Exercise and side effects among 749 patients during and after treatment for cancer: a University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program Study. Support Care Cancer 2006; 14: 732-741.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-005-0912-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-005-0912-6
Islami F, Goding Sauer A, Miller KD, et al. Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018; 68: 31-54.https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21440
Cormie P, Zopf EM, Zhang X, Schmitz KH. The Impact of Exercise on Cancer Mortality, Recurrence, and Treatment-Related Adverse Effects. Epidemiol Rev 2017; 39(1): 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx007
Behrens G, Gredner T, Stock C, et al. Cancers Due to Excess Weight, Low Physical Activity, and Unhealthy Diet. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2018; 115(35-36): 578-585. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2018.0578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2018.0578
Moore SC, Lee IM, Weiderpass E, et al. Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Risk of 26 Types of Cancer in 1.44 Million Adults. JAMA Intern Med 2016; 176(6): 816-25. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1548 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1548
Rezende LFM, Sá TH, Markozannes G, Rey-López JP, Lee IM, Tsilidis KK, Ioannidis JPA, Eluf-Neto J. Physical activity and cancer: an umbrella review of the literature including 22 major anatomical sites and 770000 cancer cases. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52: 826-833.https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098391 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098391
McTiernan A, Friedenreich CM, Katzmarzyk PT, Powell KE, Macko R, Buchner D, Pescatello LS, Bloodgood B, Tennant B, Vaux-Bjerke A, George SM, Troiano RP, Piercy KL; Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention and Survival: A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51(6): 1252-1261. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001937 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001937
White E, Hunt JR, Casso D. Exposure measurement in cohort studies: the challenges of prospective data collection. Epidemiol Rev 1998; 20(1): 43-56.https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017971 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017971
Betof AS, Lascola CD, Weitzel D, et al. Modulation of murine breast tumor vascularity, hypoxia and chemotherapeutic response by exercise. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107(5): djv040. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djv040 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djv040
Schadler KL, Thomas NJ, Galie PA, et al. Tumor vessel normalization after aerobic exercise enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy. Oncotarget 2016; 7(40): 65429-65440. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.11748 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.11748
Chen HHW, Kuo MT. Improving radiotherapy in cancer treatment: Promises and challenges. Oncotarget 2017; 8(37): 62742-62758. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.18409 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.18409
Ashcraft KA, Peace RM, Betof AS, Dewhirst MW, Jones LW. Efficacy and Mechanisms of Aerobic Exercise on Cancer Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis: A Critical Systematic Review of In vivo Preclinical Data. Cancer Res 2016; 76(14): 4032-50. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-0887 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-0887
Cormie P, Zopf EM, Zhang X, Schmitz KH. The Impact of Exercise on Cancer Mortality, Recurrence, and Treatment-Related Adverse Effects. Epidemiol Rev 2017; 39(1): 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx007
Spano D, Heck C, De Antonellis P, Christofori G, Zollo M. Molecular networks that regulate cancer metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22(3): 234-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.03.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.03.006
Ashcraft KA, Peace RM, Betof AS, Dewhirst MW, Jones LW. Efficacy and mechanisms of aerobic exercise on cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis: a critical systematic review of in vivo preclinical data. Cancer Res 2016; 76: 4032-4050.https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-0887 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-0887
Lambert AW, Pattabiraman DR, Weinberg RA. Emerging biological principles of metastasis. Cell 2017; 168(4): 670-91.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.037
Grisham J. What are the benefits of exercise during and after cancer treatment? Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 2014. www.mskcc.org/blog/what-are-benefits-exercise-during-and-after-treatment. Accessed Jun. 18, 2016.
Tarasenko YN, Linder DF, and Miller EA. Muscle-strengthening and aerobic activities and mortality among 3+ year cancer survivors in the U.S. Cancer Causes Control 2018; 29(4-5): 475-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-018-1017-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-018-1017-0
Saeidifard F, Medina-Inojosa JR, West CP, Olson TP, Somers VK, Bonikowske AR, Prokop LJ, Vinciguerra M, Lopez-Jimenez F. The association of resistance training with mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26: 1647-1665.https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319850718 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319850718
Coletta AM, Marquez G, Thomas P, Thoman W, Bevers T, Brewster AM, Hawk E, Basen-Engquist K, Gilchrist SC. Clinical factors associated with adherence to aerobic and resistance physical activity guidelines among cancer prevention patients and survivors. PLoS One 2019; 14.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220814 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220814
Speck RM, Courneya KS, Masse LC, Duval S, Schmitz KH. An update of controlled physical activity trials in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Surviv Res Pract 2011; 5(1): 112. vol 4, pg 87, 2010.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-010-0137-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-010-0137-7
Winzer BM, Whiteman DC, Reeves MM, Paratz JD. Physical activity and cancer prevention: A systematic review of clinical trials. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22: 811-826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-011-9761-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-011-9761-4
Campbell KL, Winters-Stone KM, Wiskemann J, et al. Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51(11): 2375-2390. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002116 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002116
Segal R, Zwaal C, Green E, et al. Exercise for people with cancer: a systematic review. Curr Oncol 2017; 24(4): e290-e315. https://doi.org/10.3747/co.24.3619 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3747/co.24.3619
Lobelo F., Rohm Young D., Sallis R. Routine assessment and promotion of physical activity in healthcare settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137: e495-e522.https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000559 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000559
Squires RW, Shultz AM, Herrmann J. Exercise Training and Cardiovascular Health in Cancer Patients. Curr Oncol Rep 2018; 20: 27.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-018-0681-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-018-0681-2
Kyrgiou M, Kalliala I, Markozannes G, et al. Adiposity and cancer at major anatomical sites: umbrella review of the literature. BMJ 2017; 356: j477.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j477 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j477
Hvid T.Winding K. Rinnov A.et al. Endurance training improves insulin sensitivity and body composition in prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy.Endocr. Relat. Cancer 2013; 20: 621-632.https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-12-0393 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-12-0393
Hojman P. Exercise protects from cancer through regulation of immune function and inflammation. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45(4): 905-11. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20160466 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20160466
de Roon M, May AM, McTiernan A, Scholten RJPM, Peeters PHM, Friedenreich CM, Monninkhof EM. Effect of exercise and/or reduced calorie dietary interventions on breast cancer-related endogenous sex hormones in healthy postmenopausal women. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20(1): 81. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-018-1009-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-018-1009-8
Alves CRR, Neves WD, de Almeida NR, et al. Exercise training reverses cancer-induced oxidative stress and decrease in muscle COPS2/TRIP15/ALIEN. Mol Metab 2020; 39: 101012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101012
Matos B, Patrício D, Henriques MC, et al. Chronic exercise training attenuates prostate cancer-induced molecular remodelling in the testis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44(2): 311-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-020-00567-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-020-00567-9
Emaus A, Thune I. Physical activity and lung cancer prevention. Recent Results Cancer Res 2011; 186: 101-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04231-7_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04231-7_5
Sebio Garcia R, Yáñez Brage MI, Giménez Moolhuyzen E, Granger CL, Denehy L. Functional and postoperative outcomes after preoperative exercise training in patients with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016; 23(3): 486-97. https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivw152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivw152
Jones LW, Eves ND, Peterson BL, Garst J, Crawford J, West MJ, Mabe S, Harpole D, Kraus WE, Douglas PS. Safety and feasibility of aerobic training on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in postsurgical nonsmall cell lung cancer patients: a pilot study. Cancer 2008; 113(12): 3430-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23967 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23967
Wolff G, Davidson SJ, Wrobel JK, Toborek M. Exercise maintains blood‐brain barrier integrity during early stages of brain metastasis formation. Biochem Bioph Res Co 2015; 463: 811-817.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.153
Friedenreich CM. The role of physical activity in breast cancer etiology. Semin Oncol 2010; 37(3): 297-302. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.05.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.05.008
Poier D, Büssing A, Recchia DR, et al. Influence of a multimodal and multimodal-aerobic therapy concept on health-related quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Integr Cancer Ther 2019; 18: 1534735418820447.https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735418820447 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735418820447
Dieli-Conwright CM, Courneya KS, Demark-Wahnefried W, Sami N, Lee K, Sweeney FC, Stewart C, Buchanan TA, Spicer D, Tripathy D, Bernstein L, Mortimer JE. Aerobic and resistance exercise improves physical fitness, bone health, and quality of life in overweight and obese breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20(1): 124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-018-1051-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-018-1051-6
Aoi W, Naito Y, Takagi T, et al. Regular exercise reduces colon tumorigenesis associated with suppression of iNOS. Biochem Bioph Res Co 2010; 399: 14-19.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.023
Chao A, Connell CJ, Jacobs EJ, McCullough ML, Patel AV, Calle EE, Cokkinides VE, Thun MJ. Amount, type, and timing of recreational physical activity in relation to colon and rectal cancer in older adults: the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004; 13: 2187-2195.
Mahmood S, English DR, MacInnis RJ, Karahalios A, Owen N, Milne RL, Giles GG, Lynch BM. Domain-specific physical activity and the risk of colorectal cancer: results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18: 1063.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4961-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4961-x
Lynch BM, Cerin E, Owen N, Aitken JF. Associations of leisure-time physical activity with quality of life in a large, population-based sample of colorectal cancer survivors. Cancer Causes Control 2007; 18(7): 735-42.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-007-9016-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-007-9016-6
Thraen-Borowski KM, Gennuso KP, Cadmus-Bertram L. Accelerometer-derived physical activity and sedentary time by cancer type in the United States. PLoS One 2017; 12(8): e0182554.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182554 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182554
Brown JC, Damjanov N, Courneya KS, Troxel AB, Zemel BS, Rickels MR, Ky B, Rhim AD, Rustgi AK, Schmitz KH. A randomized dose-response trial of aerobic exercise and health-related quality of life in colon cancer survivors. Psychooncology 2018; 27(4): 1221-1228. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4655 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4655
Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci EL, Holmes MD, Chan AT, Chan JA, Colditz GA & Fuchs CS (2006) Physical activity and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis. J Clin Oncol 24: 3527-3534.https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.06.0855 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.06.0855
Grotta A, Bottai M, Adami HO, Adams SA, Akre O, Blair SN, et al. Physical activity and body mass index as predictors of prostate cancer risk. World Journal of Urology 2015; 33(10): 1495-502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-014-1464-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-014-1464-5
Campos C, Sotomayor P, Jerez D, González J, Schmidt CB, Schmidt K, Banzer W, Godoy AS. Exercise and prostate cancer: From basic science to clinical applications. Prostate 2018; 78(9): 639-645.https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.23502 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.23502
Vashistha V, Singh B, Kaur S, Prokop LJ, Kaushik D. The Effects of Exercise on Fatigue, Quality of Life, and Psychological Function for Men with Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. Eur Urol Focus 2016; 2(3): 284-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2016.02.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2016.02.011
Yunfeng G, Weiyang H, Xueyang H, Yilong H, Xin G. Exercise overcome adverse effects among prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy: An update meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96(27): e7368. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000007368 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000007368
Galvão DA, Taaffe DR, Spry N, et al. Exercise Preserves Physical Function in Prostate Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50(3): 393-399. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001454 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001454
Friedenreich CM, Neilson HK, Farris MS, Courneya KS. Physical Activity and Cancer Outcomes: A Precision Medicine Approach. Clinical cancer research: an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 2016; 22(19): 4766-75. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0067 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0067
Psaltopoulou T, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Tzanninis IG, Kantzanou M, Georgiadou D, Sergentanis TN. Physical Activity and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical journal of sport medicine: official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine 2016; 26(6): 445-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000316 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000316
Xie F, You Y, Huang J, et al. Association between physical activity and digestive-system cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci 2021; 10(1): 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.09.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.09.009
Phu S, Boersma D, Duque G. Exercise and Sarcopenia. J Clin Densitom 2015; 18(4): 488-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2015.04.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2015.04.011
Yamamoto K, Nagatsuma Y, Fukuda Y, et al. Effectiveness of a preoperative exercise and nutritional support program for elderly sarcopenic patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20(5): 913-918.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-016-0683-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-016-0683-4
O'Neill L, Moran J, Guinan EM, Reynolds JV, Hussey J. Physical decline and its implications in the management of oesophageal and gastric cancer: a systematic review. J Cancer Surviv 2018; 12(4): 601-618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-018-0696-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-018-0696-6
Lee J. Associations between Physical Activity and Liver Cancer Risks and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(23): 8943. Published 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238943 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238943
Baumeister SE, Leitzmann MF, Linseisen J, Schlesinger S. Physical Activity and the Risk of Liver Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies and a Bias Analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111(11): 1142-1151.https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djz111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djz111
Ukawa S, Tamakoshi A, Wakai K, Kurozawa Y. Associations of daily walking and television viewing time with liver cancer mortality: findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25(7): 787-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-014-0380-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-014-0380-8
Rezende LFM, Sa TH, Markozannes G, et al. Physical activity and cancer: an umbrella review of the literature including 22 major anatomical sites and 770 000 cancer cases. Br J Sports Med 2018; 5213: 826-833.https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098391 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098391
Bianchi A, Marchetti L, Hall Z, et al. Moderate Exercise Inhibits Age-Related Inflammation, Liver Steatosis, Senescence, and Tumorigenesis. J Immunol 2021; 206(4): 904-916. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2001022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2001022
Kaibori M, Ishizaki M, Matsui K, Nakatake R, Yoshiuchi S, Kimura Y, Kwon AH. Perioperative exercise for chronic liver injury patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy. Am J Surg 2013; 206(2): 202-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.07.035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.07.035
O'Neill L, Moran J, Guinan EM, Reynolds JV, Hussey J. Physical decline and its implications in the management of oesophageal and gastric cancer: a systematic review. J Cancer Surviv 2018; 12: 601-618.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-018-0696-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-018-0696-6
Sinclair R, Navidi M, Griffin SM, Sumpter K. The impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on cardiopulmonary physical fitness in gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2016; 98(6): 396-400.https://doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2016.0135 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2016.0135
Whibley J, Peters CJ, Halliday LJ, Chaudry AM, Allum WH. Poor performance in incremental shuttle walk and cardiopulmonary exercise testing predicts poor overall survival for patients undergoing esophago-gastric resection. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018; 44(5): 594-599.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2018.01.242 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2018.01.242
O'Neill LM, Guinan E, Doyle SL, Bennett AE, Murphy C, Elliott JA, et al. The RESTORE randomized controlled trial: impact of a multidisciplinary rehabilitative program on cardiorespiratory fitness in esophagogastric cancer survivorship. Ann Surg 2018; 268(5): 747-755.https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002895 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002895
Shim YM. Impact of perioperative physical activity on postoperative pulmonary complications and quality of life among esophageal cancer patients. Clinicaltrialsgov Identifier: NCT03231462. Accessed 12 June 11, 2020.
O'Neill LM, Guinan E, Doyle SL, Bennett AE, Murphy C, Elliott JA, et al. The RESTORE randomized controlled trial: impact of a multidisciplinary rehabilitative program on cardiorespiratory fitness in esophagogastric cancer survivorship. Ann Surg 2018; 268(5): 747-755.https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002895 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002895
Fiore M, Cristaldi A, Okatyeva V, et al. Physical Activity and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Catania (South Italy). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16(8): 1428. Published 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081428 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081428
Kim K, Gu MO, Jung JH, Hahm JR, Kim SK, Kim JH, Woo SH. Efficacy of a Home-Based Exercise Program After Thyroidectomy for Thyroid Cancer Patients. Thyroid 2018; 28(2): 236-245. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2017.0277 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2017.0277
Keimling M, Behrens G, Schmid D, Jochem C, Leitzmann MF. The association between physical activity and bladder cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2014; 110: 1862-1870. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.77 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.77
Liss MA, White M, Natarajan L, Parsons JK. Exercise Decreases and Smoking Increases Bladder Cancer Mortality. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 15(3): 391-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clgc.2016.11.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clgc.2016.11.006
Behrens G, Leitzmann MF. The association between physical activity and renal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2013; 108(4): 798-811. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.37 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.37
Liss M, Natarajan L, Hasan A, Noguchi JL, White M, Parsons JK. Physical Activity Decreases Kidney Cancer Mortality. Curr Urol 2017; 10(4): 193-198. https://doi.org/10.1159/000447180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000447180
Tabaczynski A, Courneya KS, Trinh L. Replacing sedentary time with physical activity and sleep: associations with quality of life in kidney cancer survivors. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31(7): 669-681. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-020-01308-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-020-01308-x
Schouten LJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. Anthropometry, physical activity, and endometrial cancer risk: results from The Netherlands Cohort Study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16(suppl.2): 492.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00676.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00676.x
Dieli-Conwright CM, Ma H, Lacey JV, et al. Long-term and baseline recreational physical activity and risk of endometrial cancer: the California Teachers Study. Br J Cancer 2013; 109: 761-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.61 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.61
Millet N, McDermott HJ, Moss EL, Edwardson CL, Munir F. Increasing physical activity levels following treatment for cervical cancer: an intervention mapping approach
[published online ahead of print, 2021 May 26] . J Cancer Surviv 2021; 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-021-01058-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-021-01058-y
Armstrong BK, Kricker A, English DR. Sun exposure and skin cancer. The Australasian Journal of Dermatology 1997; 38 Suppl 1: S1-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-0960.1997.tb01000.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-0960.1997.tb01000.x
Greinert R, Boniol M. Skin cancer-primary and secondary prevention (information campaigns and screening)-with a focus on children & sunbeds. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2011; 107(3): 473-476.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.08.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.08.008
Michna L, Wagner GC, Lou Y-R, et al. Inhibitory effects of voluntary running wheel exercise on UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice. Carcinogenesis 2006; 27(10): 2108-2115.https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgl057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgl057
Walter RB, Buckley SA, White E. Regular recreational physical activity and risk of hematologic malignancies: results from the prospective VITamins And lifestyle (VITAL) study. Annals of oncology: official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / ESMO 2013; 24(5): 1370-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mds631 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mds631
Hildebrand JS, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Campbell PT, Patel AV. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and leisure-time sitting in relation to ovarian cancer risk in a large prospective US cohort. Cancer causes & control: CCC 2015; 26(11): 1691-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-015-0656-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-015-0656-7
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
